Beijing will take unspecified "necessary countermeasures," the Cabinet said, according to AP. It gave no details.
US President Donald Trump has said he plans to impose 10% duties on an additional $300 billion of Chinese imports.
The Chinese announcement made no mention of Trump's decision Wednesday to postpone penalties on about 60% of those goods until December.
Their lopsided trade balance means China has almost run out of US imports for tariff hikes following previous increases in retaliation for American punitive duties. But Beijing already has extended penalties for US companies by delaying customs clearance for their goods and delaying issuing licenses in finance and other fields.